Those silly silly atheists. They spend so much time trying to prove "problem passages" in the Bible. A little hint...The Catholic Church put the Bible together. We know the passages are there! With no Theology to apply toward the scriptures, people often try and make any particular passage say what they want it to say and mean what they want it to mean. Sorry folks, it's not that easy. Not even close. If it were that easy, what the heck am I doing at the seminary trying to learn this stuff?! I still consider myself a beginner (maybe advanced beginner;) when it comes to interpreting sacred scripture and I can assure you many parts of the Bible are quite complex theologically. There are more than a few things to consider when interpreting sacred scripture. How about .....How does the Church that put the Bible together and has taught sacred scripture for thousands of years interpret things? Makes sense doesn't it? How about maybe asking a Jewish scripture scholar? Now which interpretation of scripture should I pay attention to, the atheist or the Catholic Church and Jewish scholar? Pretty easy question to answer. The New Testament authors were Catholic. Why not ask the author of the book (Catholic Church) what the book means? Sounds reasonable.
I love studying Sacred Scripture and I am sure there are many folks that don't realize everything that is involved in interpreting correctly the compilation of gospels, psalms and letters we call the Bible. How about learning Hebrew and Greek? Well, thankfully the work of translation has already been done for us by The Catholic Church throughout the ages. It would be wise to learn a bit of Church history and Theology before trying to tackle the concepts contained in scripture. Theology often uses language and concepts that need further developing beyond what appears on the surface level. This can't be emphasized enough. Even very intelligent atheists can sound quite foolish when tackling Theological issues in which they obviously have little understanding of.
You have to understand the words of the Bible in the light of the meaning the authors intended to convey. You can make up your own 21st century version of what the scriptures mean but there is no authority in that. It's really quite foolish to go about things this way. There is a proper way to interpret scripture. To do this you have to understand the historical context that the authors were writing in. You need to understand the Theological themes they were writing about. The audience that the authors were writing to is important. For example, St Paul might quote from the Old Testament when preaching to the Jews and then use philosophical arguments and language when speaking to a pagan audience. If your personal interpretation of scripture is different than the Church that put that scriptures together, you are simply wrong. If your personal interpretation of scripture is different than the Church Fathers and how they understood it, you are simply wrong. The Church Fathers were the first Christians (Catholic) that sat at the feet of the apostles or disciples of the apostles.
There are several ways in which the Catholic Church interprets Sacred Scripture. It's not merely literal interpretation from Genesis to Revelation. No no no. There is the literal interpretation but there is also allegorical and spiritual. Knowing which method to apply to any particular book, author, or passage of the Bible takes study. You need to consider the many different literary devices being used by the various authors of scripture. You need to study the different cultures and societal frameworks that existed at the time the scriptures were written. These are just some of the basic principles involved in studying scripture properly.
The Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ Himself The scriptures of the new testament were written by the first Catholics under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Outside of the authority of the Catholic Church, any personal interpretation of Sacred Scripture is mere opinion. Who wants opinion? I would rather learn to interpret sacred scripture the way it was intended to be interpreted as taught by the Church who has the historical claim of authority over it.
peace.